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The nuts and twigs contain escin, a cytotoxic mixture of saponins. This toxin is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract so effects are limited to severe inflammation of the stomach and intestines, resulting in fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance. Generally, multiple doses are required to cause severe poisoning or death. See also SAPONIN, α-ESCIN, β-ESCIN, and ESCIN, SODIUM SALT.